The concept of wires and cables and the distinction between wires and cables:
Wires and cables refer to materials used for power, communications and related transmission purposes. There is no strict boundary between "wire" and "cable". Usually, products with few cores, small diameter and simple structure are called wires, and those without insulation are called bare wires and others are called cables; those with larger conductor cross-section (greater than 6 square millimeters) are called large wires, while those with smaller cross-section (less than or equal to 6 square millimeters) are called small wires. Insulated wires are also called wiring. Wires and cables mainly include bare wires, electromagnetic wires and insulated wires for motor and electrical appliances, power cables, communication cables and cables.
Nomenclature of wires and cables
The complete naming of wires and cables is usually complex, so people sometimes use a simple name (usually the name of a category) combined with model specifications to replace the complete name, such as "low voltage cable" represents all plastic insulated power cables of 0.6/1kV level. The pattern spectrum of wire and cable is relatively perfect. It can be said that as long as the standard model specifications of wire and cable are written, the specific products can be clearly defined. But what is the complete name of it?
There are the following principles for naming wire and cable products:
1.Contents included in product name
(1) Name of product application occasion or size category
(2) Structural materials or types of products
(3) Important or additional features of the product
Basically named in the above order, sometimes in order to emphasize important or additional features, features are written before or corresponding structure description.
2. Order of Structural Description
The product structure description is based on the principle of from inside to outside: conductor - > insulation - > inner protection - > outer protection - > armor type.
3. Simplification
Without confusion, some structural descriptions are omitted or abbreviated. For example, aluminium conductors are not allowed in automotive and soft wires, so conductor materials are not described.
Case:
Nominal voltage 8.7/15kV flame retardant copper core XLPE insulated steel tape armoured PVC sheathed power cable
"Rated Voltage 8.7/15kV"-Use Situations/Voltage Levels
"Flame Retardant": Characteristics of Emphasis
"Copper Core" - Conductor Material
"Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulation" - Insulation Material
"Steel Belt Armouring" - Material and Type of Armouring Layer (Double Strip Clearance Wrapping)
"Polyvinyl chloride sheath" - inside and outside sheath materials (inside and outside sheath materials are the same, save writing inside sheath materials)
"Power Cable" - The Name of Products
The corresponding model is written as ZR-YJV22-8.7/15. The description of the model is shown below.
Model
The type composition and order of wire and cable are as follows:
[1: Category, Use] [2: Conductor] [3: Insulation] [4: Internal Sheath] [5: Structural Characteristics] [6: External Sheath or Derivative] - [7: Use Characteristics]
Items 1-5 and 7 are represented by pinyin letters, and macromolecule materials are represented by the first letter of the English name. Each item can be 1-2 letters, and item 6 is 1-3 numbers.
Elimination Principle in Model: Copper is the main conductor material used in wire and cable products, so the code T of copper core is omitted, except bare wire and bare conductor products. Bare wires and bare conductor products, power cables and electromagnetic wires do not indicate large class codes, nor do wires and cables for electrical equipment and communication cables, but specify small or serial codes.
Item 7 is a mark for various special occasions or additional special use requirements, marked with alphabet after "-". Sometimes, in order to highlight the item, this item is written to the front. For example, ZR - (flame retardant), NH - (fire-resistant), WDZ - (low smoke, halogen-free, enterprise standards), - TH (for hot and humid areas), FY - (termite prevention, enterprise standards) and so on.
| Digital Marking | Armour layer | Outer Coat Or Sheath |
| 0 | nothing | --- |
| 1 | Interlocking Armor | Fibrous Tegument |
| 2 | Double Layer Steel Strip | Polyvinyl Chloride Coat |
| 3 | Fine Round Steel Wire | Polyethylene coat |
| 4 | Round Steel Wire | |
| 5 | Wrinkle (Rolled) Strip | |
| 6 | Double Aluminium (or aluminium alloy) Strip | |
| 8 | Copper Wire Knitting | |
| 9 | Steel Wire Braiding |
The application of wires and cables can be divided into three categories:
1. Power System
The main wire and cable products used in power system are overhead bare wire, bus bar, power cable (plastic cable, oil-paper power cable (basically replaced by plastic power cable), rubber sheathed cable, overhead insulated cable, branch cable (replacing part of bus), electromagnetic wire and electrical equipment for power equipment. Wire and cable, etc.
2. Information Transmission System
Wires and cables used in information transmission systems mainly include telephone cables, television cables, electronic cables, radio frequency cables, optical fibers, data cables, electromagnetic cables, power communications or other composite cables.
3. Mechanical Equipment,Instrumentation System
This part is used in almost all products except bare overhead wires, but mainly in power cables, electromagnetic cables, data cables, instrument cables and so on.
Wire and cable products are mainly divided into five categories:
1. Bare wires and bare conductors
The main features of this kind of products are: pure conductor metal, no insulation and sheath layer, such as steel-core aluminium strand, copper-aluminium bus, electric locomotive wire, etc. The processing technology is mainly pressure processing, such as smelting, calendering, drawing, stranding/tightening stranding, etc. The products are mainly used in suburbs, rural areas, main lines of users, switchgear cabinets and so on.
2. Power cable
The main features of this kind of product are: extruding (winding) insulating layer outside conductor, such as overhead insulating cable, or twisting several cores (corresponding to phase, zero and ground wires of power system), such as overhead insulating cable with more than two cores, or adding sheath layer, such as plastic/rubber sheathed cable. The main process technologies are drawing, stranding, insulation extrusion (winding), cable forming, armor, sheath extrusion, etc. There are certain differences in different process combinations of various products.
Products are mainly used in the power transmission, distribution, transmission, transformation, power supply lines, through the current (tens of amperes to thousands of amperes), high voltage (220 V to 500 kV and above).
3. Wires and cables for electrical equipment
The main features of this kind of products are: a variety of specifications, a wide range of applications, the use of voltage in 1kV and below, and the continuous derivation of new products in the face of special occasions, such as refractory cables, flame-retardant cables, low smoke halogen-free/low smoke halogen cables, termite-proof cables, mouse-proof cables, oil/cold/temperature/wear-resistant cables, medical/agricultural cables. / Mine cables, thin-walled wires, etc.
4. Communication Cables and Optical Fibers (Brief Introduction)
With the rapid development of the communication industry in the past two decades, the products have also developed at an alarming speed. From simple telephone and telegraph cables to thousands of pairs of telephone cables, coaxial cables, optical cables, data cables, and even combined communication cables.
The structure size of this kind of products is usually small and uniform, and the manufacturing accuracy is required.
5. Electromagnetic wire (winding wire)
Mainly used for all kinds of motors, instruments and meters.
Derivatives / New Products of Wires and Cables
Derivatives/new products of wires and cables are mainly due to the requirements of application occasions, different application requirements, convenience of equipment and reduction of equipment cost. New materials, special materials, or changes in product structure, or improvements in process requirements, or combinations of products of different varieties are adopted.
Different materials such as flame retardant cables, low smoke halogen-free/low smoke halogen-free cables, termite-proof cables, rat-proof cables, oil-resistant/cold-resistant/temperature-resistant cables, etc.
Change product structure, such as refractory cable, etc.
Improve the process requirements such as: medical cables, etc.
Composite products such as OPGW, etc.
Easy to install and reduce equipment costs such as prefabricated branch cables.